Direct Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Scope 1) Reduction Projects

The Project to reduce Fuel Consumption by Transitioning from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles to Electric Vehicles

Driven by an upward trend in fuel consumption within the Company’s corporate fleet, BEM planned to gradually phase out 24 internal combustion engine vehicles and replace them with electric vehicles by 2030 to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Upon full implementation of this 24-vehicle electrification initiative, it is projected to reduce fossil fuel consumption by 50,646 liters per year, reduce annual energy costs by approximately 1.58 million THB, and avoid 140 tCO₂e in GHG emissions annually.

2025 Performance Outcomes: BEM transitioned an additional six vehicles to electric power, bringing the cumulative total to fifteen vehicles, which fully aligns with the established target. This initiative successfully reduced fuel consumption by 8,876 liters, generated energy cost savings of approximately 266,280 THB, and mitigated GHG emissions by 19.86 tCO₂e. This reduction represents 14.19% of the project’s total targeted GHG mitigation volume.

Additionally, regarding the 2024 initiative to replace executive internal combustion engine vehicles with electric vehicles, a cumulative total of 12 vehicles remained active. In 2025, this specific fleet achieved a fuel reduction of 13,281 liters, generated energy cost savings of approximately 398,430 THB and avoided 29.71 tCO₂e of GHG emissions. This represents a 43.06% reduction in GHG emissions compared with the previous year’s emissions.

The Project to replace Internal Combustion Engine Expressway Operational Vehicles with Electric Vehicles (EVs)

For expressway operations, BEM manages a target fleet of 257 operational vehicles identified under its carbon dioxide emissions control program. This fleet comprises 138 light-duty vehicles (4-wheelers), 72 heavy-duty vehicles (6-wheeler or more), and 47 motorcycles. To mitigate GHG emissions, the Company has established a plan to gradually replace 103 internal combustion engine operational vehicles with electric vehicles by 2033. Upon full implementation of this 103-vehicle transition, the initiative is projected to reduce fossil fuel consumption by 246,652 liters per year, lower annual energy expenditures by approximately 7.40 million THB, and avoid 675.90 tCO₂e in GHG emissions annually.

2025 Performance Outcomes: Building upon the 2024 initiative, BEM transitioned an additional nine operational vehicles to electric power, bringing the cumulative total to seventeen vehicles, which fully aligns with the established target. This initiative successfully reduced fuel consumption by 17,525 liters, generated energy cost savings of approximately 525,750 THB and mitigated 48.02 tCO₂e of GHG emissions.